ജൂലൈ-4 മാഡംക്യൂറിചരമദിനം......അനുസ്മരണം
Marie Sklodowska Curie discovered the mysterious element radium. It opened the door to deep changes in the way scientists think about matter and energy. She also led the way to a new era for medical knowledge and the treatment of diseases.
Marie was not as well prepared as her fellow students. Nevertheless, through hard work she completed master’s degrees in physics and math in only three years. Living on her own for the first time, she focused so hard on her studies that she sometimes forgot to eat.
Marie's superior work in physics won her a scholarship. And a group of industrialists, the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry, paid her to investigate the magnetic properties of different steels. To carry out the work she needed a lab.
ശാസ്ത്രലോകത്തെ മാഡം
പോളണ്ടിലെ വാര്സാ നഗരത്തില് 1867 നവംബര് 7-നാണ് ജനനം.
റേഡിയം കണ്ടുപിടിച്ചു. അര്ബുദത്തിനുള്ള ചികിത്സാരീതിയെന്ന നിലയില് റേഡിയം ലോകപ്രസിദ്ധമായി.
1903-ല് ഫിസിക്സിനുള്ള നൊബേല് സമ്മാനം.
1911-ല് രസതന്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നൊബേല് സമ്മാനം.
1934 ജൂലൈ-4 ന് മരണമടഞ്ഞു.മാഡംക്യൂറി
Marie Sklodowska Curie discovered the mysterious element radium. It opened the door to deep changes in the way scientists think about matter and energy. She also led the way to a new era for medical knowledge and the treatment of diseases.
A Patriot without a Nation
The woman who became “Madame Marie Curie was named Maria Sklodowska at birth. Her family and friends called her by a nickname, Manya. She was born on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, the city that had once been the capital of Poland.
Manya’s parents raised their children to be patriots of a nation that no longer existed. By 1815, through wars and treaties, the countries around Poland had divided up the country and swallowed the pieces. Warsaw was in the piece controlled by the czar of Russia, a provincial city of the Russian Empire. The Sklodowskis and other patriots were determined to preserve Polish culture at all costs.
A young Polish woman traveled economy-class from Warsaw to Paris in autumn 1891. She had enough money to cover university tuition, a small room and the cheapest food, but little else. Maria Sklodowska left behind not only her beloved father and country but her very name. She registered at the famous Sorbonne university as Marie, the French form of Maria.Marie was not as well prepared as her fellow students. Nevertheless, through hard work she completed master’s degrees in physics and math in only three years. Living on her own for the first time, she focused so hard on her studies that she sometimes forgot to eat.
Marie's superior work in physics won her a scholarship. And a group of industrialists, the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry, paid her to investigate the magnetic properties of different steels. To carry out the work she needed a lab.
The Mystery of the Rays
Two mysterious discoveries led Marie Curie to her life’s work. In December 1895, a German physicist, Wilhelm Roentgen, had discovered rays that could travel through solid wood or flesh. A few months later a French physicist, Henri Becquerel, discovered that minerals containing uranium also gave off rays. Roentgen’s X-rays amazed scientists, who took to studying them with great energy. They mostly ignored Becquerel’s rays, which seemed much the same, only weaker. Marie decided to investigate the uranium rays. There was so little work on them for her to read about that she could begin experiments at once.
Two mysterious discoveries led Marie Curie to her life’s work. In December 1895, a German physicist, Wilhelm Roentgen, had discovered rays that could travel through solid wood or flesh. A few months later a French physicist, Henri Becquerel, discovered that minerals containing uranium also gave off rays. Roentgen’s X-rays amazed scientists, who took to studying them with great energy. They mostly ignored Becquerel’s rays, which seemed much the same, only weaker. Marie decided to investigate the uranium rays. There was so little work on them for her to read about that she could begin experiments at once.
First Marie needed a lab. She had to settle for a storeroom in the Paris Municipal School, where her husband, Pierre Curie, was now a professor. The storeroom was crowded and damp, but somehow she had to overcome its problems. She started off by studying a variety of chemical compounds that contained uranium. She discovered that the strength of the rays that came out depended only on the amount of uranium in the compound. It had nothing to do with whether the material was solid or powdered, dry or wet, pure or combined with other chemical elements. If you had a certain amount of uranium—a certain number of uranium atoms—then you got a certain intensity of radiation. Nothing else made a difference.
High Honors, then Tragedy
When the Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Pierre and Marie Curie in 1903, the great honor quickly changed their lives. Pierre was finally appointed to a professorship at the Sorbonne, and the university belatedly found funds for a laboratory for him. It also hired Marie—the first woman to win a Nobel Prize—as “laboratory chief.”
Pierre and Marie felt too ill, and too busy, to get to Sweden to deliver the traditional lecture accepting the Nobel Prize until 1905. The following spring Pierre was finally feeling more positive about his research. Although rainy, April 19, 1906, promised to be a productive day for him. After working in the laboratory in the morning, he was on his way to a library when he slipped on the wet street and fell in front of a heavy horse-drawn wagon. It ran over his head, killing him instantly.
Help for the Wounded
In August 1914, Germany invaded France. Nearly all of Curie’s staff at the Radium Institute enlisted in the war effort. Scientific research had to halt during the World War, and Curie looked for ways her science could help. She knew that doctors could use X-rays to save the lives of wounded soldiers by revealing bullets, shrapnel, and broken bones. The problem was to get the X-ray machines to the doctors near the Front. Curie talked wealthy people into donating their cars, and assembled a fleet of 20 mobile X-ray stations as well as 200 stationary stations.
ഈ അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര രസതന്ത്രവര്ഷത്തില് മാഡംക്യൂറിയെ നന്ദിപൂര്വംസ്മരിക്കാം..
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